Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) occurs when the blood supply to the optic nerve becomes compromised. The optic nerve is initially swollen and with time becomes atrophic. Vision loss is usually rapid, painless, and may be permanent. Occasionally AION is caused by vascular inflammation (Temporal Arteritis), a condition which requires urgent steroid treatment.
Papilledema
Papilledema is optic nerve swelling in both eyes due to increased fluid pressure within the brain. The increased pressure within the brain can cause headache and nausea, while the swelling of the nerve results in progressive visual loss. Urgent neuroimaging (CT or MRI) is usually necessary to be certain a brain tumor is not present.
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Infectious Optic Neuritis Due to Cat Scratch Disease |
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AION |
Optic Neuritis
Optic Neuritis is due to inflammation of the covering (myelin) of the neurons within the optic nerve. Vision loss is rapid and is often associated with pain with eye movement. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within several weeks. Sometimes intravenous steroids are indicated to decrease the possibility of the recurrent demyelinating disease.
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Papilledema |
Infectious Optic Neuritis
Infectious Optic Neuritis occurs when viruses, bacteria, or parasites invade the optic nerve and nearby retina. Vision loss is usually rapid and may involve both eyes. Antibiotics often combined with systemic steroids are prescribed to halt the infection and preserve the function of the optic nerve.
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